Guidelines on Labor Law in Vietnam: 9 Matters

 

Navigating the intricacies of labor law in Vietnam is essential for both employers and employees to ensure a harmonious and productive workplace. The labor law in Vietnam encompasses a wide range of regulations and provisions designed to protect the rights and interests of workers while ensuring that employers can effectively manage their workforce. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of the key aspects of labor law in Vietnam, highlighting its significance in fostering fair labor practices and promoting a stable employment environment.

The Framework of Labor Law in Vietnam

The labor law in Vietnam is grounded in the Labor Code, which has undergone several amendments to adapt to the changing socio-economic landscape and international labor standards. The Labor Code outlines the rights, obligations, and responsibilities of employees and employers, covering various domains such as employment contracts, working hours, wages, labor discipline, and dispute resolution.

Employment Contracts in Vietnam

A cornerstone of the labor law in Vietnam is the employment contract, which formalizes the employment relationship between the worker and the employer. The Labor Code mandates that employment contracts be in writing, specifying terms and conditions such as job description, working hours, salary, and workplace policies. It distinguishes between definite and indefinite contracts, offering flexibility while ensuring job security for employees.

Working Hours and Overtime in Labor Contract

Labor law in Vietnam stipulates a standard workweek of 48 hours, typically divided into six working days. However, to accommodate business needs and employee well-being, the law allows for overtime, capped at a certain limit and subject to additional pay. Employers are required to ensure that overtime does not exceed the legal maximum and that employees are compensated fairly, reflecting the importance placed on work-life balance.

Wages and Benefits

Wages are a critical component of labor law in Vietnam, with the government periodically setting minimum wage standards to protect workers’ living standards. Employers must comply with these standards and ensure timely payment of wages. Additionally, labor law in Vietnam encompasses various social and health insurance benefits, mandating employer and employee contributions to support workers’ welfare.

Labor Discipline and Termination

Labor law in Vietnam provides a clear framework for labor discipline and the termination of employment. Employers are required to establish clear disciplinary procedures and only terminate employment contracts under conditions strictly defined by the law, such as performance issues, misconduct, or business downsizing. This ensures that termination decisions are fair, transparent, and justifiable.

Dispute Resolution

Dispute resolution is an essential aspect of labor law in Vietnam, offering mechanisms for addressing grievances and conflicts in the workplace. The Labor Code encourages mediation and arbitration as the first steps in resolving disputes, with litigation as a last resort. This approach emphasizes dialogue and mutual understanding, aiming to preserve employment relationships whenever possible.

Labor Unions and Collective Bargaining

Labor law in Vietnam recognizes the role of labor unions in protecting workers’ rights and interests. Unions are actively involved in negotiating collective bargaining agreements, which cover working conditions, wages, and benefits. This collaborative process between employers and unions underlines the collective approach to labor relations promoted by Vietnamese labor law.

Occupational Safety and Health

Ensuring a safe and healthy work environment is a fundamental principle of labor law in Vietnam. Employers are obligated to comply with safety regulations, conduct regular risk assessments, and provide training and protective equipment to employees. This reflects the commitment to minimizing workplace hazards and protecting employee well-being.

Compliance and Enforcement

Compliance with labor law in Vietnam is enforced through regular inspections and penalties for violations. Employers must maintain accurate records of employment contracts, wages, and working hours, and are subject to audits by labor authorities. This enforcement mechanism ensures adherence to labor standards and deters non-compliance.

Labor law in Vietnam plays a pivotal role in shaping the employment landscape, balancing the needs of employers and the rights of employees. By adhering to these guidelines, businesses can foster a compliant, ethical, and productive workplace.

As Vietnam continues to integrate into the global economy, the evolution of its labor law will remain crucial in attracting investment and promoting sustainable development. Understanding and implementing the principles of labor law in Vietnam is not just a legal obligation but a strategic advantage in building a resilient and motivated workforce

About ANT Lawyers, a law firm in Vietnam

We help clients overcome cultural barriers and achieve their strategic and financial outcomes, while ensuring the best interest rate protection, risk mitigation and regulatory compliance. ANT lawyers has lawyers in Ho Chi Minh city, Hanoi, and Danang, and will help customers in doing business in Vietnam.

Readmore: https://lawyersindanangvietnam.blogspot.com/2024/03/guidelines-on-labor-law-in-vietnam-9.html

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A Guide for Foreign Employees Facing Contract Termination in Vietnam by Labor Lawyers in Vietnam

 

In the vibrant and dynamic business environment of Vietnam, many foreign professionals are enticed by job offers that promise rewarding opportunities. However, the excitement of relocating and adapting to a new culture can quickly turn into uncertainty and stress when faced with contract termination. Navigating the complexities of employment laws in a foreign country can be daunting, making the expertise of labor lawyers in Vietnam indispensable for foreign employees in such predicaments. This guide aims to shed light on the rights of foreign employees and the crucial role played by labor lawyers in Vietnam in protecting these rights.

The Reality of Contract Termination for Foreign Employees in Vietnam

For foreign employees who have moved their lives to Vietnam, the abrupt notice of job termination can be more than just a professional setback; it can be a life-altering challenge. Beyond the immediate loss of income, they face the prospect of visa issues, housing dilemmas, and the daunting task of navigating the local legal system to understand their rights and seek fair treatment.

Legal Grounds for Employment Termination in Vietnam

Vietnamese labor law provides specific grounds under which an employment contract can be terminated. These include mutual agreement, contract expiration, performance issues, health reasons, and redundancy, among others. However, employers must follow due process, including providing appropriate notice and, in some cases, severance pay. Understanding these legal nuances is where labor lawyers in Vietnam become invaluable.

The Role of Labor Lawyers in Vietnam

Labor lawyers in Vietnam offer specialized knowledge in employment law and are essential in advising and representing foreign employees through the process of contract termination. Here are key areas where they can assist:

1. Legal Advice: Labor lawyers in Vietnam can clarify your rights under Vietnamese law and the specific terms of your employment contract, offering an understanding of the legal framework within which you can negotiate or contest your termination.

2. Negotiation Support: In many cases, a favorable outcome can be achieved through negotiation. Labor lawyers in Vietnam are skilled in negotiating severance packages, notice periods, and other termination terms on behalf of foreign employees.

3. Dispute Resolution: If a termination is deemed unlawful or unfair, labor lawyers in Vietnam can guide you through the dispute resolution process, whether it involves mediation, arbitration, or litigation.

4. Documentation and Legal Filings: From drafting legal notices to filing complaints with relevant authorities, labor lawyers in Vietnam ensure that all legal documents are accurately prepared and submitted within stipulated deadlines.

5. Representation: Should your case go to court or require formal arbitration, having a labor lawyer in Vietnam to represent your interests is crucial. They can advocate on your behalf, present evidence, and argue for your rights and entitlements.

Understanding Severance Entitlements and Notice Periods

Severance entitlements and notice periods are critical aspects of contract termination that can significantly impact the financial and personal well-being of foreign employees. Labor lawyers in Vietnam can advise on your entitlements based on the specifics of your contract and local laws, ensuring that you receive all benefits due in cases of redundancy or wrongful termination.

Navigating Visa and Residency Concerns

The termination of employment in Vietnam may have immediate implications for your visa and residency status. Labor lawyers in Vietnam can provide advice on extending your stay, converting your visa type, or ensuring that you and your family remain legally in the country while you resolve your employment dispute or seek new opportunities.

Advocacy for Fair Treatment

Discrimination or unfair treatment in the process of contract termination is not only unethical but also illegal under Vietnamese law. Labor lawyers in Vietnam can help identify instances of unfair treatment and take appropriate legal actions to protect your rights and interests.

Preparing for the Future

Beyond addressing the immediate concerns of contract termination, labor lawyers in Vietnam can also provide guidance on future employment opportunities, including reviewing new contracts to ensure they offer adequate protection against unfair termination and advising on compliance with Vietnamese labor laws.

In conclusion, facing contract termination in Vietnam can be a challenging experience for foreign employees, particularly those who have relocated with their families. However, understanding your rights and seeking the assistance of competent labor lawyers in Vietnam can make a significant difference in navigating this difficult period.

From legal advice and negotiation support to dispute resolution and representation, labor lawyers in Vietnam play a pivotal role in ensuring that foreign employees are treated fairly and justly according to the law. Their expertise not only helps in securing your rights and entitlements but also in paving the way for a smoother transition to the next phase of your professional and personal life in Vietnam.

About ANT Lawyers, a law firm in Vietnam

We help clients overcome cultural barriers and achieve their strategic and financial outcomes, while ensuring the best interest rate protection, risk mitigation and regulatory compliance. ANT lawyers has lawyers in Ho Chi Minh city, Hanoi, and Danang, and will help customers in doing business in Vietnam.

Readmore: https://lawyersindanangvietnam.blogspot.com/2024/02/a-guide-for-foreign-employees-facing.html

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Decree 70 Regarding the Use of Foreign Labor in Vietnam: What Changes to Worry Expatriates?

 

Decree 70/2023/NĐ-CP has introduced several significant adjustments related to the use of foreign labor in Vietnam. The decree aims to optimize the management process of foreign labor while creating more favorable conditions for economic development and businesses in Vietnam.

Significance of Decree 70 Regarding the Use of Foreign Labor in Vietnam

Decree 70/2023/NĐ-CP was issued with specific reasons and objectives to improve the management of use of foreign labor in Vietnam. Here are some key reasons:

Adapting to the Increasingly Complex International Labor Market

The use of foreign labor in Vietnam is becoming increasingly complex and diversified. The decree is established to quickly and flexibly respond to new challenges in the international context of expatriates moving jobs between countries.

Promoting Economic and Industrial Development

Creating more favorable conditions for businesses to use foreign labor in Vietnam can promote the development of the economy and industry, especially in fields requiring high expertise that Vietnam needs to attract expatriates from other countries.

Enhancing Transparency and Effective Management

Regulations on electronic recruitment announcements and electronic work permit issuance contribute to increasing transparency and reducing the risk of errors in the management process.

Reducing Administrative Procedures in Vietnam

By shortening the deadline for reporting foreign labor demand, Decree 70 helps businesses reduce administrative burdens, thereby increasing flexibility and efficiency in labor management.

Adapting to International Trends

The decree may also be established to adapt to international trends in labor management and migration. Simplifying and making the process more flexible can make Vietnam a more attractive destination for foreign labor and international businesses to set up business in Vietnam and having expatriates relocating to Vietnam.

Improving Nationwide Management

Changes in jurisdiction and increased uniformity among labor management agencies nationwide can improve overall efficiency and comprehensive management of foreign labor in Vietanm.

Protecting Rights for Foreign Workers

Regulations on reissuing work permits in case of information changes and the abolition of certain regulations related to industrial zones and economic zones may help protect the rights of foreign workers in Vietnam.

The adjustments and updates in Decree 70/2023/NĐ-CP are designed to address the concerns and needs of both businesses and foreign workers on use of foreign labor in Vietnam aiming to promote sustainable and positive development in Vietnam’s international labor sector.

Major Changes Regarding the Use of Foreign Labor in Vietnam

Requirements for Experts, CEOs, and Technical Foreign Workers:

-The specialization requirements have been adjusted, reducing difficulties for foreigners working in Vietnam.

-Experts only need a university degree and at least 3 years of relevant experience instead of a specific major as previously required.

-CEOs include heads of branches, representative offices, and those managing at least one sector of an organization, institution, or enterprise.

-Technical foreign workers need at least 1 year of training and 3 years of relevant experience for the intended position in Vietnam, compared to the previous requirement of specific training.

Shortening the Deadline for Reporting Foreign Labor Demand in Vietnam

The deadline for reporting foreign labor demand has been shortened from 30 to 15 days before the intended usage date.

Changes in the Authority for Approving the Use of Foreign Labor in Vietnam

The Ministry of Labor – Invalids and Social Affairs or the Department of Labor – Invalids and Social Affairs at the provincial level will have the authority to issue approval or disapproval documents for using foreign labor, instead of the Ministry of Labor – Invalids and Social Affairs or the provincial People’s Committee as previously.

Changes in Cases Requiring Reporting of Foreign Labor Demand

Four cases that did not require determining the demand for foreign labor have been removed, and two new cases that do not need confirmation of demand have been added.

Announcement of Vietnamese Recruitment for Intended Foreign Labor Positions

Employers must announce Vietnamese recruitment for positions where foreign labor is intended to be recruited on the doe.gov.vn website from 2024.

Reporting for Foreign Workers Working in Multiple Locations

Employers must report to the Ministry of Labor – Invalids and Social Affairs and the Department of Labor – Invalids and Social Affairs where foreign workers are working if they are working in multiple locations.

Additional Cases of Foreign Workers Not Needing Work Permit in Vietnam

Two new cases have been added where labor demand does not need to be confirmed: foreign lawyers and foreigners married to Vietnamese citizens and living in Vietnam.

Issuing Electronic Work Permit in Vietnam

The ability to issue work permit in Vietnam electronically has been added, ensuring compliance with legal regulations.

Adding Cases for Reissuing Work Permit in Vietnam

Information can be adjusted in case of changes in name, nationality, passport number, workplace, or when businesses change their names.

Abolishing Some Regulations on Industrial Zone and Economic Zone Management

Some regulations related to the management of industrial zones and economic zones have been abolished, transferring the procedures for issuing permits and reporting on the use of foreign labor to the Ministry of Labor – Invalids and Social Affairs and the Department of Labor – Invalids and Social Affairs.

Decree 70/2023/NĐ-CP takes effect from September 18, 2023, bringing about significant adjustments on use of foreign labor in Vietnam to create more favorable conditions for the use of foreign labor in Vietnam, supporting the investment activities of foreign businesses utilizing foreign experts in Vietnam.

About ANT Lawyers, your labor law attorneys in Vietnam

We help clients overcome cultural barriers and achieve their strategic and financial outcomes, while ensuring the best interest rate protection, risk mitigation and regulatory compliance. ANT lawyers has lawyers in Ho Chi Minh city, Hanoi, and Danang, and will help customers in doing business in Vietnam.

Readmore: https://lawyersindanangvietnam.blogspot.com/2023/12/decree-70-regarding-use-of-foreign.html

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How to Determine Labour Relationship under Labour Code?

 

How to Determine Labour Relationship under Labour Code? Opinions of Labour Dispute Law Firm in Vietnam

In situations where employees begin to question the nature of their contract with the company, particularly during challenging economic times like the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of a labour dispute law firm in Vietnam becomes crucial in safeguarding the interests of employees.

Labour Contract of Consulting Contract?

During Covid pandemic, many companies face economic challenges that need to reduce the high paid workers’ cost. There are situations which dispute arisen and the employee started to realize that the contract he or she signs with the company he or she spends eight hours each day, follows instructions of work from supervisors, and receives monthly payment at the end of the month, seems to be a consulting contract on the face instead.

Is this a consulting contract or a labour contract? It is suggested the disputants engage the dispute lawyers in Vietnam to help resolve the potential conflict or help provide legal opinions if a labour relationship is established or not.

What is a Labour Contract in Vietnam?

A labour contract is essentially a civil transaction, whereby the employer and the employee enter into it on the basis of voluntarily, equality, goodwill, cooperation and honesty. According to the provisions of the Vietnam Labor Code, “a labor contract is an agreement between an employee and an employer on a paid job, salary, working conditions, and the rights and obligations of each party in the labor relations”.

In addition, the agreements which are not under the name of a labor contract but have content showing paid employment, salary and the management, administration and supervision of one party are considered as labor contracts.

An employee is allowed to enter into many labor contracts, but the employee must ensure compliance with signed contracts, this provision creates conditions allowing employees to use their full working capacity and have additional sources of income.

Contents of the labor contract must contain information about the employer and employee; Specific information about the job and workplace; Duration of the employment contract; Job- or position-based salary, form of salary payment, due date for payment of salary, allowances and other additional payments; Regimes for promotion and pay rise; Working hours, rest periods; Personal protective equipment for the employee; Social insurance, health insurance and unemployment insurance; Basic training and advanced training, occupational skill development, these are basic but very important contents that employees need to pay attention to negotiating closely and fully to ensure the interests of employees in the process of contract performance.

Besides, depending on the job and job position, the employer and the employee can agree in writing on issues related to information confidentiality, however, the employer needs to pay attention to building an appropriate system of internal labor documents to ensure the practical and effective application of information confidentiality.

Regarding the probationary contract, Labor Code allows employees and employers to agree on the content of the probationary period in the labor contract itself or sign a separate probationary contract. The agreement on the content of the probationary period in the labor contract will cause some insurance obligations to the insurance agency, therefore, the employer and the employee need to carefully search relevant legal provisions in order to negotiate and agree on the contents of the labor contract to ensure compliance with the law and the rights and obligations of both parties.

In addition, in case the employee and the employer wish to amend, supplement or replace the agreed contents in the labor contract, the two parties sign an addendum to the labor contract to amend the respective contents. However, if the term of the labor contract is changed, the parties must agree to terminate the old labor contract and enter into a new labor contract. The labor contract appendix is ​​an integral part of the labor contract and has the same effect as the labor contract.

The Role of a Labor Dispute Law Firm in Vietnam

A reliable labor dispute law firm in Vietnam can assist employees in several ways when such disputes arise:

Contract Analysis:

The first step is to thoroughly analyze the contract in question. Labor dispute lawyers have expertise in reviewing employment contracts to determine whether they meet the legal criteria for a labor contract. They can identify key clauses and assess whether the contract accurately reflects the employment relationship.

Legal Opinion:

The labour dispute law firm in Vietnam can provide legal opinions on whether a labor relationship is established or not based on the contract’s content. This opinion carries weight in negotiations and potential legal proceedings.

Negotiation: If it’s determined that the contract should be a labor contract, the labour dispute law firm in Vietnam can represent the employee in negotiations with the employer. This could involve discussions about employment terms, compensation, or other related matters to ensure the employee’s rights are protected.

Dispute Resolution:

In cases where negotiations fail, a labour dispute law firm in Vietnam can represent the employee in legal proceedings. This could include filing complaints with labor authorities or pursuing legal action in court to resolve the dispute.

Protection of Employee Rights:

The primary role of a labor dispute law firm in Vietnam is to protect the interests and rights of the employee. This includes ensuring the employee receives fair compensation, benefits, and protection under labor laws.

Keeping the Process Ethical:

It’s crucial to emphasize that a reputable labour dispute law firm in Vietnam adhere to ethical practices. They prioritize fair and honest negotiations to achieve the best outcome for the employee.

In a time when economic challenges can lead to disputes over employment contracts, engaging the services of a labor dispute law firm in Vietnam is a prudent step for employees. These professionals possess the legal expertise to analyze contracts, provide legal opinions, negotiate on behalf of employees, and represent them in legal proceedings if necessary.

By seeking legal counsel, employees can safeguard their rights and ensure that their employment contracts accurately reflect the nature of their work, providing them with the protection and benefits they deserve.

About ANT Lawyers, a Law Firm in Vietnam

We help clients overcome cultural barriers and achieve their strategic and financial outcomes, while ensuring the best interest rate protection, risk mitigation and regulatory compliance. ANT lawyers has lawyers in Ho Chi Minh city, Hanoi, and Danang, and will help customers in doing business in Vietnam.

Readmore: https://lawyersindanangvietnam.blogspot.com/2023/12/how-to-determine-labour-relationship.html

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Stay Ahead of Employment Regulations with Diligent Labor Law Firms in Vietnam

In the dynamic landscape of Vietnam’s business environment, staying abreast of employment regulations is crucial for the success and sustainability of enterprises. As the country experiences rapid economic growth and international integration, the complexities of labor laws become more pronounced. To navigate this intricate terrain and ensure compliance with evolving regulations, businesses are turning to diligent labor law firms in Vietnam.

In this article, we will explore the significance of staying ahead of employment regulations, the challenges posed by labor laws in Vietnam, and how diligent labor law firms play a pivotal role in helping clients stay compliant and mitigate risks.

Stay Ahead of Employment Regulations with Diligent Labor Law Firms in Vietnam

The Importance of Staying Ahead of Employment Regulations

Vietnam’s employment landscape is subject to a myriad of regulations that cover various aspects, including recruitment, contracts, working hours, wages, and termination procedures. Staying ahead of these regulations is essential for several reasons:

1. Legal Compliance: Employment regulations are in place to protect the rights of both employers and employees. Adhering to these regulations ensures legal compliance and prevents potential legal issues that could harm the reputation and financial stability of businesses.

2. Risk Mitigation: The business environment is fraught with risks, and non-compliance with labor laws can lead to severe consequences such as fines, legal disputes, and damage to the organization’s brand. Proactive compliance efforts help mitigate these risks and create a stable and secure work environment.

3. Employee Relations: Adhering to employment regulations fosters positive employee relations. It demonstrates an organization’s commitment to treating its workforce fairly, which, in turn, enhances employee morale, productivity, and loyalty.

4. Operational Efficiency: Understanding and complying with employment regulations contribute to operational efficiency. It helps organizations streamline HR processes, avoid disruptions, and focus on their core business activities.

Challenges Posed by Labor Laws in Vietnam

While employment regulations are designed to protect the rights of workers, they can pose challenges for businesses operating in Vietnam. Some of the key challenges include:

1. Complexity and Changes: Vietnam’s labor laws are intricate, and they undergo frequent changes. Navigating this complexity requires a deep understanding of the legal framework and a commitment to staying updated on any legislative amendments.

2. Diverse Workforce: Vietnam boasts a culturally diverse workforce, and understanding the nuances of managing and complying with labor laws for various employee demographics is a challenge. It requires a tailored approach to human resource management.

3. Language Barriers: For foreign businesses operating in Vietnam, language barriers can be a significant challenge. Employment regulations are often published in Vietnamese, and understanding the legal nuances becomes challenging without proficient language skills.

The Role of Diligent Labor Law Firms in Vietnam

Diligent labor law firms in Vietnam play a pivotal role in helping clients navigate the complexities of employment regulations. Here’s how they contribute to staying compliant and mitigating risks:

1. Legal Expertise:

– Interpretation of Regulations: Labor law firms possess a deep understanding of Vietnam’s labor laws and can interpret complex regulations, ensuring that clients comprehend their obligations and rights.

– Updates and Changes: Staying informed about changes in legislation is a core function of these firms. They provide clients with timely updates, ensuring that organizations are aware of and can adapt to any amendments in employment regulations.

2. Tailored Compliance Strategies:

– Customized Compliance Plans: Diligent labor law firms develop customized compliance plans tailored to the specific needs and characteristics of each client. This includes industry-specific considerations and the nuances of managing a diverse workforce.

– Risk Assessments: Conducting regular risk assessments helps identify potential areas of non-compliance. By understanding the unique risks associated with each client, labor law firms in Vietnam can develop proactive strategies to mitigate these risks.

3. Cross-Cultural Understanding:

– Navigating Cultural Nuances: With a deep understanding of local culture, these firms help bridge the gap between foreign businesses and the Vietnamese workforce. This includes navigating cultural nuances in employment relations and ensuring that global organizations align with local practices.

– Language Assistance: Overcoming language barriers, labor law firms in Vietnam provide language assistance, translating legal documents and ensuring that clients fully comprehend the implications of employment regulations.

4. Dispute Resolution and Litigation Support:

– Conflict Resolution: In the event of employment-related disputes, labor law firms in Vietnam provide support for conflict resolution. This includes mediation and negotiation to reach amicable solutions that minimize the impact on the organization.

– Litigation Defense: If legal action is unavoidable, labor law firms in Vietnam offer robust litigation defense. Their expertise in labor law ensures that clients are well-represented, increasing the likelihood of a favorable outcome.

5. Training and Education:

– Employee Training: Diligent labor law firms provide training sessions for clients’ HR teams and employees. These sessions enhance awareness of employment regulations, promoting a culture of compliance within the organization.

– Educational Resources: Offering educational resources, such as handbooks and guidelines, these labor law firms in Vietnam empower clients with the knowledge needed to proactively manage employment-related matters.

In conclusion, the intricate nature of Vietnam’s employment regulations requires businesses to adopt a proactive approach to compliance. Diligent labor law firms in Vietnam serve as invaluable partners in this endeavor, offering legal expertise, tailored compliance strategies, cross-cultural understanding, and support in dispute resolution. By engaging with these firms, businesses can not only stay ahead of employment regulations but also create a workplace environment that is legally sound, culturally sensitive, and conducive to long-term success. As Vietnam continues to attract businesses from around the globe, the role of labor law firms becomes increasingly vital in fostering a harmonious and compliant employment landscape.

About ANT Lawyers, a law firm in Vietnam

We help clients overcome cultural barriers and achieve their strategic and financial outcomes, while ensuring the best interest rate protection, risk mitigation and regulatory compliance. ANT lawyers has lawyers in Ho Chi Minh city, Hanoi, and Danang, and will help customers in doing business in Vietnam.

Readmore: https://lawyersindanangvietnam.blogspot.com/2023/11/stay-ahead-of-employment-regulations.html

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